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THE MAKING OF A NATION - Vice President Chester Arthur Replaces Murdered Leader
By Frank Beardsley
Broadcast: Thursday, October 06, 2005

(MUSIC)

VOICE ONE

THE MAKING OF A NATION -- a program in Special English.

(MUSIC)

President James Garfield
President James Garfield was shot and seriously wounded in the summer of eighteen eighty-one. The man who shot him said he supported the political group that supported Vice President Chester Arthur.

The gunman was found to be insane. But some people were ready to believe the worst about Vice President Arthur. They knew that many of the Vice President's political allies disliked President Garfield. They thought the Vice President might have helped the gunman in some way.

I'm Kay Gallant. Today, Harry Monroe and I tell what happened after President Garfield was shot.

VOICE TWO:

Presidential Swearing-In
For a time, it seemed the President might get better. But the bullet wound became infected. He died of the infection two months after he was shot. Vice President Arthur took the oath of office a few hours after the President's death.

Chester Arthur had been a successful lawyer. He had worked in politics for a number of years. But he had never before held an elected office. Many Americans questioned his ability to serve in the White House. One person put it this way: "Chet Arthur -- President of the United States. Good God!"
VOICE ONE:

Almost everyone feared Arthur would be a tool of a Republican Party leader in New York, Roscoe Conkling. They were sure Conkling would be the real power in Arthur's administration. They were wrong. Chester Arthur surprised everyone. He broke all his ties with the Conkling political machine. He remained independent of any party group. Arthur asked Garfield's cabinet to resign. He chose new men for all but one department.
VOICE TWO:

In his first message to Congress, President Arthur asked for changes in the way government jobs were filled. He proposed a new civil service system that would let ability -- not politics -- decide who got government jobs. Republican Party leaders opposed these proposals. The civil service system would stop them from giving federal jobs to their supporters. It would destroy much of their power.

These Republican leaders controlled Congress. They refused to act on the civil service proposals. VOICE ONE:

Civil service reform, however, was an important issue. President Garfield had been assassinated by a man who believed he should have gotten a government job because of his politics. Also, new cases of dishonesty had been discovered in the Post Office department. The public began to demand laws to clean up the civil service.

In eighteen eighty-two, a new Congress was elected. The new Congress was controlled by the Democratic Party.

建国史话--副总统切斯特.亚瑟侥幸赢得已逝总统之位
由弗兰克·比尔兹利播报
播出：10月06日，2005年

（音乐）

语音一

建国史话 - -慢速英语节目。

（音乐）

总统詹姆斯·加菲尔德
詹姆士.加菲尔德总统在1881年夏被刺杀，伤势严重。刺杀总统的人说他支持那个支持副总统切斯特.亚瑟的政治组织，，然而，这位凶手被证明患有精神病。不过，许多人真的认为此事与副总统有关，他们知道，副总统的一些政治盟友并不喜欢加菲尔德总统，他们认为副总统也许通过某种方式给凶手提供了帮助。
我是Kay Gallant，今天，Harry Monroe和我就向你讲述加菲尔德总统去逝后的故事。

声音二：

总统宣誓就职
加菲尔德总统受伤后，伤势一度似乎有所好转，但伤口感染了，两个月后，他因伤口感染而去逝。副总统亚瑟在总统去逝几个小时后宣誓就任总统。
切斯特.亚瑟曾经是一位成功的律师，他从政已经有好多年了，但他此前从来没有当选过任何一个职务。许多美国人质疑他担任总统的能力。有一个人这样说到：“切特.亚瑟，美国总统，愿上帝保佑！”
几乎所有的美国人都担心亚瑟会成为纽约的共和党领导人罗科斯.康克林的一个政治工具，他们都确信，康克林是亚瑟政府的权力核心。然而，所有的人都错了。切斯特.亚瑟让所有的人都感到惊讶，他割断了与康克林政治集团的所有联系，他与所有党派之间都保持独立。亚瑟要求加菲尔德总统的内阁辞职，除一位部长外，他重新选择了其他所有的内阁成员。
在第一次向国会发表国情咨文时，亚瑟总统要求国会对联邦政府各个岗位职务的产生办法进行改革，他提出了一项新的公务员制度（civil service system），这项制度在决定谁能够获得政府职务上，根据其个人的能力而不是根据其所属的政治团体。共和党领导人反对这项建议，因为新的公务员制度将使他们无法为其支持者谋取联邦政府职务，而这将削弱他们的权力。
这些共和党领导人把持着国会，他们对总统提议的新公务员制度不予理会。
声音一：

然而，公务员制度改革是一个十分重要的议题。加菲尔德总统就是被一个自认为根据其政治关系而能够获得政府职务的人给刺杀的，而且，新的腐败案件也在邮政部出现了。公众开始要求净化公务员队伍。
1882年，新一届国会选举产生了，新一届国会由民主党人所控制。

在十八八十二个，当选为新一届国会。新一届国会由民主党控制。追问

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