英语中的动词原型,过去式,过去分词

如题所述

动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

实例顺序: 动词原形 过去式 过去分词

发音: ed在清辅音音素后 发音为 [ t ], 在浊辅音后发音为[ d ], 在元音后发音也为[ d ] ,在[t]、[d] 后发音为[id]

一.规则变化

1. 一般在动词原形后加-ed

look looked looked

call called called

open opened opened

Need needed needed

2. 以-e结尾的动词加-d move

phone phoned phoned

hope hoped hoped

agree agreed agreed

Move moved moved

3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed

study studied studied

carry carried carried

try tried tried

4. 以原音字母加y结尾的词,直接加-ed

play played played

enjoy enjoyed enjoyed

stay stayed stayed

5. 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写该辅音字母,再加-ed

stop stopped stopped

plan planned planned

fit fitted fitted

6. 以-r音节结尾的词,双写r字母, 再加-ed

prefer preferred preferred

refer referred referred

二.不规则变化:英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则,可分为五种情况。

1.动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。

cut(切) cut cut

hit(打) hit hit

cast(扔) cast cast

hurt(伤害) hurt hurt

put(放) put put

let(让) let let

shut(关) shut shut

cost(花费) cost cost

set(放) set set

rid(清除) rid rid

2.过去式与过去分词完全同形。

find(找到) found found

pay(支付) paid paid

leave(离开) left left

lend(借出) lent lent

meet(遇见) met met

keep(保持) kept kept

lose(丢失) lost lost

teach(教) taught taught

sit(坐) sat sat

lead(引导) led led

win(赢)除) won won

3.动词原形与过去分词同形

come(来) came come

run(跑) ran run

become(成为) became become

4.动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。

give(给) gave given

fly(飞) flew flown

drink(喝) drank drunk

see(看见) saw seen

go(去) went gone

know(知道) knew known

wear(穿) wore worn

speak(说) spoke spoken

5.过去式和过去分词有两种形式

burn(燃烧) burned burnt

burned burnt

learn(学习) learned learnt

learned learnt

smell(闻) smelled smelt

smelled smelt

spell (拼写) spelled spelt

spelled spelt

shine (照射) shined shone

shined shone

leap (跳) leaped leapt

leaped leapt

提示 :

A. beat的过去式与原形同形:

比:beat(打击) beat(过去式) beaten(过去分词)

B. lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同

比:lie lied, lied(说谎)

lay, lain(躺,位于)

C. hang 有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同

比:hang hanged, hanged(处绞刑)

hung, hung(挂,吊)

D. welcome(欢迎)一词是规则动词,不可误用为不规则动词

比:welcome welcomed, welcomed(正)

welcome, welcome(误)

E.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词

比:hit(打) hit, hit(正)

hitted, hitted(误)

F. fix的过去式和过去分词x不双写,为fixed.
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