英语宾语从句,定语从句,状语从句,状语从句的定义和区别,要正中要害的区别

如题所述

定语从句
定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词叫做定语从句。
关系代词
关系代词:在句中作主语、宾语或定语 1. that既可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。[eg:This is the book (which)you want.] 2. 如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置 3. 代表物时多用which,但在下列情况中用that而不用which: a)先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时; b)先行词由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时,这时的that常被省略; c)先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰时; d)先行词中既有人又有物时;
判断介词和关系代词
方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词;而及物动词后接宾语,则要求用关系代词。例如: This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示出。) (错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year. (错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. (对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. (对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。 例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 答案:例1 D,例2 A 例1变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago. 例2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held. 在句1中,is后应跟表语,只有the one可以,而后面的you visited a few days ago则做one的定语从句。 而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A。 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) 。
关系代词that 的用法
(1)不用that的情况 (a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 (错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here. (b) 介词后不能用。 We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. (2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 (a) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。 (b) 在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。 (c) 先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时,只用that。 (d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that,不能用which。. (e) 先行词既有人,又有物时。 (f) 先行词指物,在主句中作表语时. (g) 为了避免重复. (h)先行词是the way或the reason时,that可作关系副词,也可省略 (i) 主句的主语是疑问词who /which时 举例: Is this the book that you borrowed in the library? 这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗? Who that break the window should be punished. 谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚. All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。 that必用 1先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰 2是序数词或被序数词修饰 3不定代词 4先行词即指人又指物 5被only;the every,no,one of等修饰 6主句有which;who;whom 7there be 句型中 8如果有两个从句,其中一个关系代词已用了which,另一个关系代词宜用that 9先行词在主句中作表语,或者关系代词本身作从句的表语是宜用that that在作宾语时可省
宾语从句
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从
句和形容词的宾
学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:连接词、语序和时态。追问

例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 答案:例1 D,例2 A 例1变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago. 为什么第一题不选A啊??还有第二题不选C???

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第1个回答  2011-03-17
天哪!中国的英语教育就是失败,刚回答完一个定语从句的问题,又发现一个抠语法的学生!XX从句这些是语法学上的名词,能听懂老师说就行,你管它怎样的句子叫宾语从句,怎样的句子叫定语从句!英语句型是要你举一反三的,会用就行了,管它区别在哪!你这种问题无异于在问"早上好"和"这是一个苹果"这两个句型有什么不同!你能解释么?!
第2个回答  2011-03-17
已经很多答复了,我就不插嘴了。
第3个回答  2011-03-16
宾语从句:在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
定语从句:定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词叫做定语从句。
状语从句:状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。
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