1. although， though， even though， even if都表示“虽然， 即使， 尽管”之意， though 和although 语气较弱(其中的though 比although 通俗, 不如although 正式)， even if和even though 带有强调意味而显得语气更强。例如： Although they are poor, they are happy. 虽然他们很穷， 但很快乐。// Although it was so cold, he went out without an overcoat. 天气虽然很冷, 但他没有穿大衣就出去了。// Though they may not succeed, they will still try. 即使他们可能不会成功， 但他们仍努力尝试。 // The article is very important though it is short. 那篇文章虽然很短， 但很重要。// He is better, though not yet cured. 他好一点了， 虽仍未痊愈。// Even though it was raining, she walked to work. 即使下雨， 她也是走着去工作的。// I’ll visit him this evening even if I can stay only a few minutes. 今晚我将去拜访他， 即使我只能停留一小会儿。 注意： though 引导的让步状语从句的用法比较特殊， 它可以倒装， 也可以不倒装， 具体用法参见as引导让步状语从句的用法。 2. as引导让步状语从句表示“虽然、 即使、 尽管”， 其引导的让步状语从句必须采用倒装结构， as引导的倒装形式的让步状语从句的基本结构为： 形容词/副词/名词(单数可数名词前一般不带冠词， 有时也可见单数可数名词前形容词与不定冠词连用、 形容词放在不定冠词前)/动词/过去分词＋as＋主语＋谓语的其他部分。注意体会下列典型例句： Great as the author was, he proved a bad model. 这位作者尽管了不起， 到头来却成了一个坏榜样。// Ridiculous as it seems, the tale is true. 这个故事看似荒唐， 却是真的。// Rich as he is, he is n ot happy. 虽然他很富有， 但他并不幸福。// Child as he is, he can tell black from white.(倒装时要省去单个名词前的冠词)尽管还是个孩子， 他却能分辨黑白。// Brave (a) man as he is, he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他尽管勇敢， 可见到蛇还是发抖。 // Badly wounded as he was, he remained quite optimistic. 尽管伤势很重， 他仍然十分乐观。// Try as he would, he could not lift the rock. 虽然尽了最大努力， 但是他仍然不能搬动那块石头。
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