加拿大大学名称中英文对照表
1. 拉哇大学（Laval）（魁北克学生）
2. 士伯克大学（Sherbrooke）（魁北克学生）
3. UQAM大学（UQAM）（魁北克学生）
4. 主教大学 （Bishop’s）（魁北克学生）
5. 蒙特利尔大学（Montreal）（魁北克学生）
6. 康哥迪亚大学（Concordia）（魁北克学生）
7. 哥伦比亚大学 （UBC）
8. 麦吉尔大学（McGill）（魁北克学生）
9. 西蒙弗雷泽大学（Simon Fraser）
10. 维多利亚大学（Victoria）
11. 北方不列颠哥伦比亚大学（UNBC）
12. 圣托马斯大学（St. Thomas）
13. 孟顿大学（Moncton）
14. 马尼托巴大学（Manitoba）(文科)
15. 萨斯卡川大学（Saskatchewan）
16. 布兰顿大学（Brandon）(文科)
17. 温尼伯格大学（Winnipeg）(文科)
18. 瑞基纳大学（Regina）
19. 士勃克大学（Sherbrooke）(外省学生)
20. 布兰顿大学（Brandon）(理科)
21. 马尼托巴大学（Manitoba）(理科)
22. 拉哇大学（Laval）(外省学生)
23. 纽芬兰纪念大学（Memorial）
24. 新宾士威克大学（New Brunswick）
25. 温尼伯格大学（Winnipeg）(理科)
26. UQAM大学（UQAM）(外省学生)
27. 爱德华王子岛大学（UPEI）
28. 卡尔加里大学（Calgary）
29. 主教大学（Bishop’s）(外省学生)
30. 蒙特利尔大学（Montreal）(外省学生)
31. 布里多尼岬大学（Cape Breton）
32. 亚伯塔大学（Alberta）
33. 尼伯斯大学（Nipissing）
34. 莱斯桥大学（Lethbridge）
35. 劳伦迪亚大学（Laurentian）
36. 西安大略大学（Western）
37. 康哥迪亚大学（Concordia）(外省学生)
38. 渥太华大学（Ottawa）
39. 麦克马斯特大学（McMaster）
40. 圣玛丽大学（Saint Mary’s）
41. 布罗克大学（Brock）
42. 温莎大学（Windsor）
43. 雷克海德大学（Lakehead）
44. 戴豪斯大学（Dalhousie）(文科)
45. 圣文森特山大学（Mount Saint Vincent）
46. 女皇大学（Queen’s）
47. 麦吉尔大学（McGill）(外省学生)
48. 圣佛朗西斯西维尔大学（St. Francis Xavier）
49. 约克大学（York）
50. 卡尔顿大学（Carleton）
51. 滑铁卢大学（Waterloo）
52. 基辅大学（Guelph）
53. 瑞尔森大学（Ryerson）
54. 特伦特大学（Trent）
55. 罗瑞尔大学（Wilfrid Laurier）
56. 埃利森山大学（Mount Allison）
57. 多伦多大学（Toronto）
58. 戴豪斯大学（Dalhousie）(理科)
59. 阿卡迪亚大学（Acadia）
纽芬兰与拉布拉多（英语：newfoundland and labrador，法语：terre-neuve-et-labrador）是加拿大东部的一个省，包括纽芬兰岛和附近岛屿以及拉布拉多的主要陆地和附属岛屿。纽芬兰与拉布拉多省於1949年3月31日加入加拿大联邦，是加入联邦的最后一个省份。在1949年，这个省份以「纽芬兰」的名称加入联邦。但从1964年起，省政府开始称呼自己为「纽芬兰与拉布拉多」政府。加拿大政府於2001年12月6日修改宪法，将省份的名字正式由「纽芬兰」转为「纽芬兰与拉布拉多」。
北欧海盗可能在公元1000年到过此地，但是欧洲的渔民和探险家到15世纪晚期约翰·开普特的运航之后才知道这个地区。1583年英格兰宣称纽芬兰属英国，尽管这个宣告在《巴黎和约》(1763年）前一直遭到法国的反对。魁北克省在1927年前一直宣布占有拉布拉多。圣约翰斯是纽芬兰的首都和最大城市。人口567,681。
拉布拉多是加拿大纽芬兰的陆地部分，位于拉布拉多半岛的东北部。早在10世纪，古代的斯堪的纳维亚的海员就曾到过这里的海岸。这一地区后来成为哈得逊湾公司的所有财产，并于1927年最终判给纽芬兰省。
newfoundland and labrador (french: terre-neuve-et-labrador) is a province of canada, the tenth to join the confederation. geographically, the province consists of the island of newfoundland and the mainland labrador, on canada's atlantic coast. on entry into canada in 1949, the entire province was known as newfoundland, but since 1964, the province's government has referred to itself as the "government of newfoundland and labrador", and on december 6, 2001, an amendment was made to the constitution of canada to change the province's official name to "newfoundland and labrador". in general day-to-day conversation, however, canadians still erroneously refer to the province as a whole by the shorter name newfoundland, while the labrador region of the province is usually properly referred to as simply labrador.
while the name "newfoundland" is derived from english as "new found land", labrador is named after portuguese explorer joão fernandes lavrador.
the province's population is 509,677. people from newfoundland are called "newfoundlanders" (and at times "newfies", though this can be seen as a pejorative) while people from labrador are called "labradorians". newfoundland has its own dialects of the english, french, and irish gaelic languages. the english dialect in labrador shares much with newfoundland. furthermore, labrador has its own dialects of innu-aimun and inuktitut.
colony of newfoundland
newfoundland has a number of historical firsts. the oldest known settlement anywhere in the americas built by europeans is located at l'anse aux meadows, newfoundland. it was founded circa 1000 a.d. by leif ericson's vikings. remnants and artifacts of the occupation can still be seen at l'anse aux meadows, now a unesco world heritage site. the island was inhabited by the beothuks and later the mi'kmaq.
john cabot became the first european since the vikings to discover newfoundland (but see joão vaz corte-real), landing at bonavista on june 24, 1497. on august 5, 1583, sir humphrey gilbert formally claimed newfoundland as england's first overseas colony under royal prerogative of queen elizabeth i.
from 1610 to 1728, proprietary governors were appointed to establish colonial settlements on the island. john guy was governor of the first settlement at cuper's cove. other settlements were bristol's hope, renews, south falkland and avalon which became a province in 1623. the first governor given jurisdiction over all of newfoundland was sir david kirke in 1638. the island of newfoundland was nearly conquered by new france explorer pierre le moyne d'iberville in the 1690s.
newfoundland received a colonial assembly in 1832, which was and still is referred to as the house of assembly, after a fight led by reformers william carson, patrick morris and john kent. the new government was unstable and divided along sectarian lines between the catholic and protestant populations of the colony. in 1842, the elected house of assembly was amalgamated with the appointed legislative council. this was changed back in 1848 to two separate chambers. after this, a movement for responsible government began.
in 1854, newfoundland was granted responsible government by the british government. in an 1855 election, philip francis little, a native of prince edward island, won a majority over sir hugh hoyles and the conservatives. little formed the first administration from 1855 to 1858. newfoundland rejected confederation with canada in the 1869 general election.
as part of the anglo-french entente cordiale of 1904, france abandoned the `french shore', or the west coast of the island, to which it had had rights since the peace of utrecht of 1713. possession of labrador was disputed by quebec and newfoundland until 1927, when the british privy council demarcated the western boundary, enlarged labrador's land area, and confirmed newfoundland's title to it.
newfoundland remained a colony until acquiring dominion status on september 26, 1907, along with new zealand. it successfully negotiated a trade agreement with the united states but the british government blocked it after objections from canada. the dominion of newfoundland reached its golden age under prime minister sir robert bond of the liberal party.
in 1934, the dominion gave up its self-governing status as the commission of government took its place. following world war ii, the commission held elections for the newfoundland national convention which debated the dominion's future in 1946 and 1947. two referenda resulted in which newfoundlanders decided to end the commission[1], and joined the canadian confederation in 1949.
in 1946, an election was held for the newfoundland national convention to decide the future of newfoundland. the mechanism of the convention was established by the british government to make recommendations as to the constitutional options to be presented to the people of newfoundland to be voted upon in a national referendum. many members only wished to decide between continuing the commission of government or restoring responsible government. joseph r. smallwood, the leader of the confederates, moved that a third option of confederation with canada should be included. his motion was defeated by the convention. but he did not give up, instead gathering more than 50,000 petitions from the people within a fortnight which he sent to london through the governor. the united kingdom, having already insisted that if newfoundland chose confederation or a return to responsible government, it would not give newfoundland any further financial assistance, added the third option of having newfoundland join canada to the ballot. the option of joining the united states was not offered. after much debate, the first referendum was held on june 3, 1948 to decide between continuing with the commission of government, returning to responsible government, or joining the canadian confederation. the result was inconclusive, with 44.6% supporting the restoration of responsible government, 41.1% for confederation with canada, and 14.3% for continuing the commission of government. no option had won a clear majority; so under the rules of the referendum, the option which won the fewest votes was dropped and a new run-off referendum was scheduled for late july 1948. between the first and second referendums, rumours were spread that roman catholics had been instructed to vote by their bishops for responsible government. (this was not accurate; on the west coast of newfoundland, in the roman catholic diocese of st. george's, bishop michael o'reilly and his congregation were strong supporters of confederation.) prompted by the confederate association, the orange order was incensed and called on all its members to vote for confederation. the protestants of newfoundland outnumbered the catholics at a ratio of 2:1. this was believed to have greatly influenced the outcome of the second referendum. a second referendum on july 22, 1948, which asked newfoundlanders to choose between confederation and dominion status, was decided by a vote of 52% to 48% for confederation with canada. newfoundland joined canada (just before the expiry) on march 31, 1949.
not everyone was satisfied with the results, however. peter cashin, an outspoken anti-confederate, questioned the validity of the votes. he claimed that it was the 'unholy union between london and ottawa' that brought about confederation.
in 1959, a local controversy arose when the provincial government pressured the moravian church to abandon its mission station at hebron, labrador, resulting in the relocation southward of the area's inuit population, who had lived there since the mission was established in 1831
1. 拉哇大学（Laval）（魁北克学生）
2. 士伯克大学（Sherbrooke）（魁北克学生）
3. UQAM大学（UQAM）（魁北克学生）
4. 主教大学 （Bishop’s）（魁北克学生）
5. 蒙特利尔大学（Montreal）（魁北克学生）
6. 康哥迪亚大学（Concordia）（魁北克学生）
7. 哥伦比亚大学 （UBC）
8. 麦吉尔大学（McGill）（魁北克学生）
9. 西蒙弗雷泽大学（Simon Fraser）
10. 维多利亚大学（Victoria）
11. 北方不列颠哥伦比亚大学（UNBC）
12. 圣托马斯大学（St. Thomas）
13. 孟顿大学（Moncton）
14. 马尼托巴大学（Manitoba）(文科)
15. 萨斯卡川大学（Saskatchewan）
16. 布兰顿大学（Brandon）(文科)
17. 温尼伯格大学（Winnipeg）(文科)
18. 瑞基纳大学（Regina）
19. 士勃克大学（Sherbrooke）(外省学生)
20. 布兰顿大学（Brandon）(理科)
21. 马尼托巴大学（Manitoba）(理科)
22. 拉哇大学（Laval）(外省学生)
23. 纽芬兰纪念大学（Memorial）
24. 新宾士威克大学（New Brunswick）
25. 温尼伯格大学（Winnipeg）(理科)
26. UQAM大学（UQAM）(外省学生)
27. 爱德华王子岛大学（UPEI）
28. 卡尔加里大学（Calgary）
29. 主教大学（Bishop’s）(外省学生)
30. 蒙特利尔大学（Montreal）(外省学生)
31. 布里多尼岬大学（Cape Breton）
32. 亚伯塔大学（Alberta）
33. 尼伯斯大学（Nipissing）
34. 莱斯桥大学（Lethbridge）
35. 劳伦迪亚大学（Laurentian）
36. 西安大略大学（Western）
37. 康哥迪亚大学（Concordia）(外省学生)
38. 渥太华大学（Ottawa）
39. 麦克马斯特大学（McMaster）
40. 圣玛丽大学（Saint Mary’s）
41. 布罗克大学（Brock）
42. 温莎大学（Windsor）
43. 雷克海德大学（Lakehead）
44. 戴豪斯大学（Dalhousie）(文科)
45. 圣文森特山大学（Mount Saint Vincent）
46. 女皇大学（Queen’s）
47. 麦吉尔大学（McGill）(外省学生)
48. 圣佛朗西斯西维尔大学（St. Francis Xavier）
49. 约克大学（York）
50. 卡尔顿大学（Carleton）
51. 滑铁卢大学（Waterloo）
52. 基辅大学（Guelph）
53. 瑞尔森大学（Ryerson）
54. 特伦特大学（Trent）
55. 罗瑞尔大学（Wilfrid Laurier）
56. 埃利森山大学（Mount Allison）
57. 多伦多大学（Toronto）
58. 戴豪斯大学（Dalhousie）(理科)
59. 阿卡迪亚大学（Acadia）
纽芬兰与拉布拉多（英语：newfoundland and labrador，法语：terre-neuve-et-labrador）是加拿大东部的一个省，包括纽芬兰岛和附近岛屿以及拉布拉多的主要陆地和附属岛屿。纽芬兰与拉布拉多省於1949年3月31日加入加拿大联邦，是加入联邦的最后一个省份。在1949年，这个省份以「纽芬兰」的名称加入联邦。但从1964年起，省政府开始称呼自己为「纽芬兰与拉布拉多」政府。加拿大政府於2001年12月6日修改宪法，将省份的名字正式由「纽芬兰」转为「纽芬兰与拉布拉多」。
北欧海盗可能在公元1000年到过此地，但是欧洲的渔民和探险家到15世纪晚期约翰·开普特的运航之后才知道这个地区。1583年英格兰宣称纽芬兰属英国，尽管这个宣告在《巴黎和约》(1763年）前一直遭到法国的反对。魁北克省在1927年前一直宣布占有拉布拉多。圣约翰斯是纽芬兰的首都和最大城市。人口567,681。
拉布拉多是加拿大纽芬兰的陆地部分，位于拉布拉多半岛的东北部。早在10世纪，古代的斯堪的纳维亚的海员就曾到过这里的海岸。这一地区后来成为哈得逊湾公司的所有财产，并于1927年最终判给纽芬兰省。
newfoundland and labrador (french: terre-neuve-et-labrador) is a province of canada, the tenth to join the confederation. geographically, the province consists of the island of newfoundland and the mainland labrador, on canada's atlantic coast. on entry into canada in 1949, the entire province was known as newfoundland, but since 1964, the province's government has referred to itself as the "government of newfoundland and labrador", and on december 6, 2001, an amendment was made to the constitution of canada to change the province's official name to "newfoundland and labrador". in general day-to-day conversation, however, canadians still erroneously refer to the province as a whole by the shorter name newfoundland, while the labrador region of the province is usually properly referred to as simply labrador.
while the name "newfoundland" is derived from english as "new found land", labrador is named after portuguese explorer joão fernandes lavrador.
the province's population is 509,677. people from newfoundland are called "newfoundlanders" (and at times "newfies", though this can be seen as a pejorative) while people from labrador are called "labradorians". newfoundland has its own dialects of the english, french, and irish gaelic languages. the english dialect in labrador shares much with newfoundland. furthermore, labrador has its own dialects of innu-aimun and inuktitut.
colony of newfoundland
newfoundland has a number of historical firsts. the oldest known settlement anywhere in the americas built by europeans is located at l'anse aux meadows, newfoundland. it was founded circa 1000 a.d. by leif ericson's vikings. remnants and artifacts of the occupation can still be seen at l'anse aux meadows, now a unesco world heritage site. the island was inhabited by the beothuks and later the mi'kmaq.
john cabot became the first european since the vikings to discover newfoundland (but see joão vaz corte-real), landing at bonavista on june 24, 1497. on august 5, 1583, sir humphrey gilbert formally claimed newfoundland as england's first overseas colony under royal prerogative of queen elizabeth i.
from 1610 to 1728, proprietary governors were appointed to establish colonial settlements on the island. john guy was governor of the first settlement at cuper's cove. other settlements were bristol's hope, renews, south falkland and avalon which became a province in 1623. the first governor given jurisdiction over all of newfoundland was sir david kirke in 1638. the island of newfoundland was nearly conquered by new france explorer pierre le moyne d'iberville in the 1690s.
newfoundland received a colonial assembly in 1832, which was and still is referred to as the house of assembly, after a fight led by reformers william carson, patrick morris and john kent. the new government was unstable and divided along sectarian lines between the catholic and protestant populations of the colony. in 1842, the elected house of assembly was amalgamated with the appointed legislative council. this was changed back in 1848 to two separate chambers. after this, a movement for responsible government began.
in 1854, newfoundland was granted responsible government by the british government. in an 1855 election, philip francis little, a native of prince edward island, won a majority over sir hugh hoyles and the conservatives. little formed the first administration from 1855 to 1858. newfoundland rejected confederation with canada in the 1869 general election.
as part of the anglo-french entente cordiale of 1904, france abandoned the `french shore', or the west coast of the island, to which it had had rights since the peace of utrecht of 1713. possession of labrador was disputed by quebec and newfoundland until 1927, when the british privy council demarcated the western boundary, enlarged labrador's land area, and confirmed newfoundland's title to it.
newfoundland remained a colony until acquiring dominion status on september 26, 1907, along with new zealand. it successfully negotiated a trade agreement with the united states but the british government blocked it after objections from canada. the dominion of newfoundland reached its golden age under prime minister sir robert bond of the liberal party.
in 1934, the dominion gave up its self-governing status as the commission of government took its place. following world war ii, the commission held elections for the newfoundland national convention which debated the dominion's future in 1946 and 1947. two referenda resulted in which newfoundlanders decided to end the commission[1], and joined the canadian confederation in 1949.
in 1946, an election was held for the newfoundland national convention to decide the future of newfoundland. the mechanism of the convention was established by the british government to make recommendations as to the constitutional options to be presented to the people of newfoundland to be voted upon in a national referendum. many members only wished to decide between continuing the commission of government or restoring responsible government. joseph r. smallwood, the leader of the confederates, moved that a third option of confederation with canada should be included. his motion was defeated by the convention. but he did not give up, instead gathering more than 50,000 petitions from the people within a fortnight which he sent to london through the governor. the united kingdom, having already insisted that if newfoundland chose confederation or a return to responsible government, it would not give newfoundland any further financial assistance, added the third option of having newfoundland join canada to the ballot. the option of joining the united states was not offered. after much debate, the first referendum was held on june 3, 1948 to decide between continuing with the commission of government, returning to responsible government, or joining the canadian confederation. the result was inconclusive, with 44.6% supporting the restoration of responsible government, 41.1% for confederation with canada, and 14.3% for continuing the commission of government. no option had won a clear majority; so under the rules of the referendum, the option which won the fewest votes was dropped and a new run-off referendum was scheduled for late july 1948. between the first and second referendums, rumours were spread that roman catholics had been instructed to vote by their bishops for responsible government. (this was not accurate; on the west coast of newfoundland, in the roman catholic diocese of st. george's, bishop michael o'reilly and his congregation were strong supporters of confederation.) prompted by the confederate association, the orange order was incensed and called on all its members to vote for confederation. the protestants of newfoundland outnumbered the catholics at a ratio of 2:1. this was believed to have greatly influenced the outcome of the second referendum. a second referendum on july 22, 1948, which asked newfoundlanders to choose between confederation and dominion status, was decided by a vote of 52% to 48% for confederation with canada. newfoundland joined canada (just before the expiry) on march 31, 1949.
not everyone was satisfied with the results, however. peter cashin, an outspoken anti-confederate, questioned the validity of the votes. he claimed that it was the 'unholy union between london and ottawa' that brought about confederation.
in 1959, a local controversy arose when the provincial government pressured the moravian church to abandon its mission station at hebron, labrador, resulting in the relocation southward of the area's inuit population, who had lived there since the mission was established in 1831
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