第1个回答 2011-08-15
这不是几句话就可说清的问题。最好自己读语法书。
简单提示你几句:
把 “…从句”两个词去掉,就变成了“定语、宾语、状语”对吧?如果你理解、会用这几个句子成份,就好解释了。否则,再解释你也不会马上明白的。
1. a pretty girl : 一个单词 adj. pretty 作定语
= a girl who is pretty: 一个从句 who is pretty 作定语
我的例子很简单,事实是当我们无法用一个或几个单词、短语来表达内容丰富的定语时,就使用“定语从句”:
e.g. Everyone in the world knows Bill Gates (,) who set up Microsoft and is now a world-famous philanthropist ( 慈善家 ). 从 “who...philanthropist." 这么长,你可以用一个词表达?
2. I don't know it (=the news). it/ the new ,代词或名词短语作及物动词 know + O (宾语)
= I don't know what's going on. 当宾语内容丰富,无法用it/the news 表达了,用一个句子来做宾语(从句)。
3. As a child, I was too poor to go to school. as a child, 是常见的介词短语作时间状语,说明”我何时穷得上不起学:小时候……,
= When I was a child, I was ....,如果某状语内容丰富,一个词或短语无法表达出来,我就用句子了,作用是一样的。
e.g. When the family heard about the sudden death of their son in the Wenzhou high-speed train accident, they burst out crying extremely sadly.
好家伙!你有本事用几个单词、短语表达我这个“When...train accident,...."?
简而言之,两者区别就在于内容丰富与否,表达方式长短有别。