ç²¾ç®å¸æ¯ä¸ä¸ªä»ä¹æ ·çèä¸?
ä¸è¬äººå¯¹ç²¾ç®å¸åæå°éçï¼ä½å
¶å®ç²¾ç®å¦ä¸ç´è¢«å¹¿æ³åºç¨äºä¿é©åå
¶å®éèè¡ä¸ãçè³éä¼ä¿éç社ä¼ç¦å©ä¸ï¼èä¸å°å¤å½æ³åºå·²æä¹ æ¯å°æäºç¹å«å¤æ并æ¶å伤亡索å¿çº 纷çæ¡ä»¶äº¤å°ç²¾ç®å¸æéï¼ä»¥å¯»æ±ç¬ç«çåæåä¸ä¸æè§ï¼ç±æ¤å¯è§ç²¾ç®å¸çè§è²ä¸¾è¶³è½»éãé£ä¹ï¼ç©¶ç«ç²¾ç®æ¯ä¸é¨ææ ·çå¦é®ï¼ç²¾ç®æ¯è¿ç¨æ¦çç»è®¡æ°å¦ç论åå¤ç§éèå·¥å
·ï¼ä½åºç»æµæ´»å¨åæåç»è¥å³ç计åãä»ç¤¾ä¼ä¿éæ åç计ç®ãè´¢æ¿æ¶æ¯è®¡åçæµç®ä»¥åæèµæ´»å¨çåæï¼å°ä¸æ们æ¯ä¸ªäººæ¯æ¯ç¸å
³ççèç
æ»çéæºäºä»¶çææ¡ï¼é½ç¦»ä¸å¼ç²¾ç®å¸å¨å¯ãç§å¦çåæåè¿ç®ãç²¾ç®å¸æ´è¢«å½é
社ä¼å½¢è±¡å°æ¯å»ä¸ºåè°å平衡社ä¼ç»æµè¿ä½çâ第ä¸å°æç´æâã
ç²¾ç®å¸äººå¯¿ä¿é©å
¬å¸ççµé ç®åå
¨çå·®ä¸å¤æä¸åä¹äºçç²¾ç®å¸ä»»èäºä¿é©å
¬å¸ãç²¾ç®å¸å¨äººå¯¿ä¿é©å
¬å¸å寿é©è¡ä¸çåå±ä¸å
·æååéè¦çä½ç¨ï¼ç²¾ç®ææ¯æ©å·²å¹¿æ³å°è¿ç¨äºå¯¿é©ä¸å¡ãå¹´éå¸åºãè´¢å¡è¿è¥ãèµéè¿ä½åé¢æµæªæ¥çå¤ä¸ªé¢åãç®èè¨ä¹ï¼å¯¿é©ç²¾ç®å¸ç责任æ¯ä½¿å
¬å¸è½å¤å¨ææçæ°çåºç¡ä¸è¥è¿ãå
¶å®ç²¾ç®å¸çå·¥ä½èå´åå广æ³ï¼å
æ¬ï¼
â ä¿é©äº§åç设计ï¼éè¿å¯¹äººä»¬ä¿é©éæ±çè°æ¥ï¼è®¾è®¡æ°çä¿é©æ¡æ¬¾ï¼èä¿é©æ¡æ¬¾ç设计å¿
é¡»å
¼é¡¾äººä»¬çä¸åéè¦ï¼å
·æå®ä»·çåçæ§ã管ççå¯è¡æ§ä»¥åå¸åºçç«äºæ§ï¼
â¡ ä¿é©è´¹çç计ç®ï¼æ ¹æ®ä»¥å¾ç寿å½ç»è®¡ãç°è¡é¶è¡å©çåè´¹ç¨ççèµæï¼ä»¥ç¡®å®ä¿åçä»·æ ¼ï¼
⢠åå¤éåä¿åç°éä»·å¼ç计ç®ï¼
⣠è°æ´ä¿è´¹çåä¿é¢ï¼æ ¹æ®ç¤¾ä¼çéè¦åæ¶é´ï¼è°æ´ä¿è´¹çåä¿éç¨åº¦ï¼ä»¥å¢å å¸å¼ååç«äºåï¼
â¤ å®¡æ ¸å
¬å¸çå¹´åºè´¢å¡æ¥å
⥠æèµæ¹åçææ¡ï¼å¯¹å
¬å¸çå项æèµè¿è¡è¯ä¼°ï¼ä»¥ç¡®ä¿æèµçå®å
¨åæ¶çï¼
⦠åä¸å
¬å¸çåå±è®¡åï¼ä¸ºå
¬å¸æªæ¥çç»æµå³çæä¾ææçæ°æ®æ¯æåä¸ä¸å»ºè®®ã
æ为精ç®å¸çæ¡ä»¶
è¦æ³æ为精ç®å¸ï¼é¦å
å¿
éææ¡ä¸äºåºç¡è¯¾ç¨ï¼å¦å¾®ç§¯åã线æ§ä»£æ°ãæ¦ç论ä¸æ°çç»è®¡ãä¿é©å¦åé£é©ç®¡ççãä¸ä»
å¦æ¤ï¼ç±äºç²¾ç®å¸æä»äºçæ¯ç»æµé¢åçèä¸ï¼å èä»ä»¬è¿å¿
éæè¾é«çç»æµå¦ä¿®å
»ï¼ææ¡ä¼è®¡ãéèãç»æµå¦å计ç®æºçç§å¦ãè¿æ ·ï¼ç²¾ç®å¸æè½å¯¹ç»æµç¯å¢çååæè¾å¼ºçååºè½åãæ¤å¤ï¼ç²¾ç®å¸çèä¸è¿è¦æ±ææ¡è¯è¨è¡¨è¾¾ãåä¸åä½ãå²å¦çç§å¦ç¥è¯
åå¾ç²¾ç®å¸èµæ ¼å¿
ééè¿ä¸äºç§ç®çä¸¥æ ¼èè¯ï¼å¹¶è·å¾ç²¾ç®ç»ç»ç认å¯ãä¾å¦ï¼å¨ç¾å½åå æ¿å¤§ï¼ä½ä¸ºä¸ååæ ¼çç²¾ç®å¸ï¼å¿
éåå¾ç¾å½ç¾å®³ä¿é©ç²¾ç®å¦ä¼ (Casuality Actuarial Society)æåç¾ç²¾ç®å¦ä¼(Society of Actuaries) çæ£å¼ä¼åèµæ ¼ãåç¾ç²¾ç®å¦ä¼æ¯å¨äººå¯¿ä¿é©ãå¥åº·ä¿é©åå¹´éä¿é©é¢åä»äºç 究ãèè¯åæ¥åä¼åçå½é
ç»ç»ï¼å®è´è´£ä»å¸æ¶éæ£å¼ä¼åå°æ£å¼ä¼åçä¸ç³»åèè¯ã
æ为精ç®å¸çèµæ ¼
ç²¾ç®æ¯ä¾æ®ç»æµå¦çåºæ¬åçï¼å©ç¨ç°ä»£æ°å¦æ¹æ³ï¼å¯¹åç§ç»æµæ´»å¨æªæ¥çè´¢å¡é£é©è¿è¡åæãä¼°ä»·å管ççä¸é¨ç»¼åæ§çåºç¨ç§å¦ãç²¾ç®æ¹æ³åç²¾ç®ææ¯æ¯ç°ä»£ä¿é©ãéèãæèµç§å¦ç®¡ççææå·¥å
·ã
ç²¾ç®å¸æ¯è¿ç¨ç²¾ç®æ¹æ³åææ¯è§£å³ç»æµé®é¢çä¸ä¸äººå£«ï¼æ¯è¯ä¼°ç»æµæ´»å¨æªæ¥è´¢å¡é£é©çä¸å®¶ã
ç²¾ç®å¸ä¼ ç»çå·¥ä½é¢å为åä¸ä¿é©ä¸ï¼å¨æ¤è¡ä¸ï¼ç²¾ç®å¸ä¸»è¦ä»äºäº§åå¼åã责任åå¤éæ ¸ç®ãå©æºåæåå¨æå¿ä»è½åæµè¯çéè¦å·¥ä½ï¼ç¡®ä¿ä¿é©ç管æºå
³çç管å³çãä¿é©å
¬å¸çç»è¥å³ç建ç«å¨ç§å¦åºç¡ä¹ä¸ãéçç²¾ç®ç§å¦çåå±ååºç¨ï¼ç²¾ç®å¸çå·¥ä½é¢åéæ¥æ©å±å°ç¤¾ä¼ä¿é©ãæèµã人å£åæãç»æµé¢æµçé¢åã
ä½ä¸ºä¸åç²¾ç®å¸ï¼ä¸ä»
éè¦ææå®çæ°çåºç¡ï¼è½çç»å°è¿ç¨ç°ä»£æ°å¦æ¹æ³å¤çç»éªæ°æ®ï¼å¯¹æªæ¥ååçè¶å¿ååºåæãå¤æï¼åæ¶ä¹éè¦å
·æåå®çç»æµç论åºç¡ï¼å¯¹æ³å¾ãç¨å¡å¶åº¦ãè´¢å¡ä¼è®¡ãæèµæéæçäºè§£ï¼ç¹å«æ¯å¯¹é£é©å
·ææéçæ´å¯ååå¤çåç§å¯æ§é£é©çè½åã
ä»å
¶ä»å½å®¶çç»éªä½æ³æ¥çï¼ç²¾ç®å¸çå¹å
»æä¸ä¸ªå±æ¬¡ï¼1ï¼éè¿é¢æ ¡çç²¾ç®æè²ï¼å¯¹ç²¾ç®ç论è¿è¡å¦ä¹ åææ¡ï¼ï¼2ï¼ä¸è¬éè¿å¨ä¿é©å
¬å¸ä¸æç»éªçç²¾ç®å¸æ导ä¸å·¥ä½ï¼å¦ä¹ å积累精ç®å®é
å·¥ä½ç»éªãï¼3ï¼æ¥åç²¾ç®å¸èä¸å¢ä½çä¸æåæè²ï¼ä¸ææé«ç²¾ç®å®å¡ç»éªåææ¡æ°ç¥è¯ï¼éåºè¡ä¸åå±çéè¦ãå¨ç²¾ç®å¸çå¹å
»ä¸ï¼æéè¦çç¯èæ¯å¦ä¹ å积累精ç®å®é
å·¥ä½ç»éªãç²¾ç®å¸çå¹å
»ï¼ä¸è¬éåç论å¦ä¹ ä¸å®è·µç»éªç§¯ç´¯åæ¥è¿è¡çæ¹å¼ï¼éè¦è¾é¿ä¸æ®µæ¶é´ãå¦å¨éåèè¯è®¤å¯å¶åº¦çç¾å½ï¼è¦éè¿ç²¾ç®å¸èµæ ¼èè¯ï¼å¹³åéè¦5å°7å¹´çæ¶é´ã
ç²¾ç®å¸èµæ ¼åå¾çé®é¢ï¼ä¹å°±æ¯ç²¾ç®å¸èµæ ¼è®¤å¯å¶åº¦ãç®åä¸çä¸å¤§ä½æ两ç§ç²¾ç®å¸è®¤å¯å¶åº¦ãä¸æ¯èè¯è®¤å¯å¶åº¦ï¼å³è®¾å®ä¸ç³»åèè¯ç§ç®ï¼æ 论ä»ä¹æè²èæ¯ï¼åªè¦éè¿å
¨é¨èè¯ï¼å³å¯è·å¾ç²¾ç®å¸èµæ ¼ãè¿ä»¥åç¾ç²¾ç®å¸åä¼åè±å½ç²¾ç®å¸åä¼çèè¯æ为å
¸åï¼å±è¿ç§ç±»åçå½å®¶æè±ãç¾ãå ãæ¥æ¬çå½å®¶ãå¨èè¯è®¤å¯çå¶åº¦ä¸ï¼ç²¾ç®å¸èè¯ä¸è¬å为åç²¾ç®å¸èè¯åç²¾ç®å¸èè¯ï¼äºæ¯å¦å认å¯å¶åº¦ï¼é常å¨å¤§å¦è®¾ç«ç²¾ç®ä¸ä¸ï¼ç±»ä¼¼äºåç²¾ç®å¸åç²¾ç®å¸æ°´å¹³ï¼åæ¬ç§åç 究ç两个é¶æ®µï¼ç²¾ç®ä¸ä¸ç 究çæ¯ä¸ï¼å³å¯è·å¾ç²¾ç®å¸èµæ ¼ãå±è¿ç§ç±»åçæå¾·ãæ³ãæãç士ã西ççãè·å
°ã巴西ã墨西å¥çå½å®¶ã
ç²¾ç®å¸èè¯å为两个å±æ¬¡ï¼ç¬¬ä¸ä¸ªå±æ¬¡å¨è®¸å¤å½å®¶ç§°ä¸ºåç²¾ç®å¸é¨åï¼ç¬¬äºä¸ªå±æ¬¡ç§°ä¸ºç²¾ç®å¸é¨åãåç²¾ç®å¸èè¯å
容为ä½ä¸ºç²¾ç®äººåæå¿
é¡»ææ¡çç²¾ç®ç论åæè½ä»¥ååºç¡çç²¾ç®å®å¡ç¥è¯ï¼ç²¾ç®å¸èè¯å
容以é«çº§ç²¾ç®ä¸ä¸è¯¾ç¨åç²¾ç®å®å¡ä¸ºä¸»ï¼å
容æ¶åä¿é©å
¬å¸è¿è¥ï¼å
¬å¸è´¢å¡ãæèµãå
¬å¸å¿ä»è½å管çç诸å¤å
容ãåªæéè¿è¿ä¸¤ä¸ªå±æ¬¡çå¦ä¹ åèè¯ï¼æä¼è·å¾ç²¾ç®å¸èµæ ¼è¯ä¹¦ã
ç±äºåç§åå²åå ï¼ç²¾ç®ãå°¤å
¶æ¯ç²¾ç®æè²å¨æå½é¿æå¤äºç©ºç½ãç´å°1987å¹´ï¼åå¼å¤§å¦ä¸åç¾ç²¾ç®å¦ä¼å»ºç«ç²¾ç®å¦åä½é¡¹ç®ï¼æå°ç²¾ç®æè²ç³»ç»å°å¼å
¥ä¸å½ã
èª1987å¹´ç²¾ç®å¼å
¥ä¸å½ä»¥æ¥ï¼ç²¾ç®æè²å¨ä¸å½æäºé¿è¶³çåå±ãå¼å±ç²¾ç®æè²ç大ä¸é¢æ ¡ç±åå¼å¤§å¦ä¸å®¶å¢å å°ç®åçåå¤å®¶ï¼å
æ¬æ¹åè´¢ç»å¦é¢ãä¸å¤®è´¢ç»å¤§å¦ãå¤æ¦å¤§å¦çï¼ï¼æ¯å¹´æ¯ä¸çç²¾ç®ç¡å£«åæ¬ç§çç±æåçåä½äººå¢å å°ç®åçæ°ä»¥ç¾è®¡ã
å¨å¼å
¥ç²¾ç®æè²çåæ¶ï¼æ们ä¹å¼å
¥å½å¤çç²¾ç®å¸èè¯ï¼ææ©æ¯åç¾ç²¾ç®å¸åä¼çç²¾ç®å¸èµæ ¼èè¯ãå¨æ¤åºç¡ä¸ï¼åå¢å äºè±å½ç²¾ç®å¸èè¯åæ¥æ¬ç²¾ç®å¸èè¯ï¼ç®åéè¿è¿äºèè¯ï¼å
·æå½å¤åç²¾ç®å¸æ°´å¹³çç²¾ç®ä»ä¸äººåå·²æä¸ç¾äººã
温馨提示:内容为网友见解,仅供参考