1只用which,不用that的情况。
1)which可用在非限制性定语从句中。例如：
The project,which lasted four years,cost one billion dollars.这项工程历时四年，耗资十亿美元。
2)which可用前置介词宾语。例如：
This is the house in which we lived three years ago.这是我们三年前住过的那所房子。
2只用that，不用which的情况。
1)that相当于关系副词when,where,why,in the way＝in which。例如：
I'll never forget the Monday that /when you first arrived.我将永远不会忘记你初到的那个星期一！
Do you know anywhere that I can get fruit?
你知道我能在哪里买到水果吗？
I like the place for the very reason that/why you dislike it.我喜欢那地方的原因，恰恰是你不喜欢它的原因。
He doesn't see things the way that /in which we see them.他看问题跟我们不一样。
2)that既可指物，也可指人。例如：
The people that worked on the project made a good effort.从事那项工程的人们做了很大努力。
3)当主句以here,there开头时，常用that。例如：
Here is the place that you've been looking for.这就是你一直找的地方。
4)当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，常用that。例如：
The first(thing)that should bed one is to get the book.应该做的第一件事是弄到那本书。
This is the best place that I've ever visit-ed.这是我曾参观过的最好的地方。
5)当先行词是all,anything,nothing(something除外),none,little,much时，常用that。例如：
Is this all that's left?这就是剩下的所有东西吗？
Have you got anything that belongs tome?你有没有拿过属于我的东西？
6)当先行词被no,little,only,very,the last等修饰时，常用that。例如：
The only thing that could be done is to find
our way home.唯一能做的事情就是要找到回家的路。
7)当先行词是两个或两个以上的词分别表示人和物时用that。例如：
They talked about the teachers and the schools that they knew.他们谈到了他们熟悉的老师和学校。
8)在以which，who开头的句子中常用that。例如：
Which is the car that killed the man?撞死那个男子的小车是哪一辆？
9)time是先行词时，前面如有序数词或last修饰时，定语从句只能用that引导或省略。例如：
This is the last time(that)I shall give you a letter.
The first time(that)I saw him was last year.
定语从句中that和which的用法怎么区分
先行词： 定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
关系词： 引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）和关系副词(where,when,why,)。
复合句 ： The man who (that) came is Mike.
先行词 关系代词
Li Ming is the one that got full marks in our class.
先行词 关系代词
上句的黑体字为复合句中的主句，蓝体字为定语从句.
一 定语从句的关系代词 Which的用法: 若先行词指物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语.
This is the pen which was given by my friend.
先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语
This is the pen which my friend gave to me.
先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
二 定语从句的关系代词 Who的用法: 若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语(如果前面带介词则必须用whom)
The man who is wearing a white suit is my brother.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语
The man who\whom he wanted to see last week is in Shanghai.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
She is the girl with whom I went there.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前.
三 定语从句的关系代词 Whom的用法: 若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语) ,与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom
This is the teacher whom\who we like best.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
She is the girl whom\ who I went with there.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾.
I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前.
四 定语从句的关系代词 that的用法: 若先行词指人或物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语
The animal that \which is lost is a panda.
先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语
She is the person that \who we are worried about.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
注意1 that \which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用which ,不用that
(1) 关系代词前有介词时.
This is the hotel in which you will stay.
(2) 如有两个定语从句,其中一句的关系代词是that,另一句宜于用which.
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the liberary which was newly open (新开放) to us.
注意2that \which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用that ,不用which.
(1) 先行词是形容词最高级或者它的前面有形容词最高级时
This is the best that has been used against air pollution(反对空气污染) in cities.
English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years.
(2) 先行词是序数词,或它的前面有一个序数词时
He is the last person that I want to see.
(3) 主句中已有疑问词时
Which is the bike that you lost?
(4) 先行词既有人又有物时
The bike and its rider that had run over (撞倒了)an old man were taken to the police station.
(5) 先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等代词时
You should hand in all that you have.
We haven’t got much that we can offer you.
I mean the one that you talked about just now.
(6) 先行词前面有only,any,few,little,no,all,one of,the same,the very等词修饰时
The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
Li Ming is the only one that got full marks (满分)in our class.
Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teachers in our class.
(7) 有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另外一个宜用that
Edison built up a factory(办了一个工厂) which produced things that had never been seen before.
定语从句的关系副词 Where的用法:若先行词指地点且其在定语从句中充当地点状语.
This is the house+I was born in the house. (=I was born there)
介词短语 副词
=This is the house where I was born.这就是我在那儿出生的房子.
先行词 关系副词
in which I was born.
介词+关系代词
which I was born in.
关系代词
这里作介宾的which和that可以省略
that I was born in
关系代词.
练习：用which ，where填空
1 This is the factory where they want to visit。
2 My sister works in a bookshop in which we can read many kinds of books
3 Have you visited the city where the famous scientist was born?
4 Is this the museum which they visited last month?
5 He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.
6 The pencil with _which_______ he wrote was broken.
7 Is this the shop _which____ sells children’s clothing?
8 I still remember the sitting-room _where____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.
9 Don’t go in, this is the shop _which____ we have just been to。
10 Please show me the book _which____ you bought yesterday _____.
二 定语从句的关系副词 When的用法: 若先行词指时间且其在定语从句
中充当时间状语.
He came at a time +we needed help at a time.
介词短语
=He came at a time when we needed help
关系副词
at which we needed help
介词+关系代词
which we needed help at
关系代词 这里的作介宾的which 和that可以省略
that we needed help at
三 关系副词why的用法：在定语从句中只要先行词是the reason，它的关系副词就是why。
如：The reason why I’m calling you is to invite you to the party.
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