沃尔玛
Wal-Mart by the United States of retail legend, Mr. Sam Walton in 1962, set up in Arkansas. After forty years of development, Wal-Mart has become the nation's largest private employer and the world's largest retail chain enterprises currently the largest, Wal-Mart around the world opened more than 6,600 stores, the total number of employees more than 180 million people in 14 countries worldwide. Wal-Mart customers per week visit 175 million people. Wal-Mart (WAL-MART) is the world's top 500 enterprises.
In 1991, Wal-Mart's annual sales break 40,000,000,000 U.S. dollars, as the world's large-scale retail businesses. According to the United States in May 1994 "Fortune" magazine published by the U.S. service sector classification list, Wal-Mart's 1993 annual sales of up to 67,340,000,000 U.S. dollars, over the previous year growth of more than 11,800,000,000, more than in 1992 ranked number one Silvan Sri Lanka (Sears), ranks the nation's top retail industry. Wal-Mart's 1995 sales growth, and created a world record in the retail industry, to achieve annual sales of 93,600,000,000 U.S. dollars, in "Fortune" magazine, the nation's largest 95 companies ranked fourth on the list. In fact, Wal-Mart's annual sales equal to the sum of the nation's department stores all, but still maintained a strong momentum of development. So far, Wal-Mart have been 2133 Wal-Mart stores, 469 Sam's Club and Wal-Mart Shopping Plaza, 248, in the United States, Mexico, Canada, Puerto Rico, Brazil, Argentina, South Africa, China, Indonesia, etc.. In a short span of several decades in the case of the rapid development of the retail industry have to say is a miracle.
July 11, 2007 in the United States "wealth" <<fortune>> magazine published in 2007 the world's top 500 list, the U.S. retail king Wal-Mart come back to 351,139,000,000 U.S. dollars annual revenue of more than Exxon Mobil , Leapt to the top again.
埃克森美孚
ExxonMobil is the world's leading oil and petrochemical companies, from John D. Rockefeller created in 1882, is headquartered in the United States, Texas, the text of the city of love. Exxon Mobil, through its affiliated companies around the world in 200 countries and territories, with 86,000 employees, including about 14,000 engineering and technical personnel and scientists. Is the world's largest non-governmental oil and gas producers and is the world's largest non-governmental natural gas distributors; at the same time, the world's largest oil refining business, located in 25 countries and 45 per day refinery, the refining capacity of 6,400,000 barrels per day ; In the world have more than 37,000 gas stations and 1,000,000 in the wholesale and industrial customers; annual sales of more than 150 countries around 28,000,000 tons of petrochemical products. Company for 85 years or more to obtain credit rating 3A, is the world's keep the record of one of the few companies. "Fortune" magazine this year ranked the nation's largest listed companies in the list, skyrocketing energy prices, the Exxon - Mobil to the 2006 Fortune 500 top.
皇家壳牌石油
Royal Dutch / Shell group of companies is one of the world well-known large-scale multinational oil companies, was founded in 1907, by Royal Dutch Petroleum accounts for 60% of the shares of Shell Transport and Trading Company (UK) accounted for 40% of the shares. The two parent companies are listed companies, Royal Dutch Petroleum shares in Amsterdam, London, New York, Zurich 9, and other cities listed, Shell Transport and Trading Company in London, New York, Paris 5, and other cities listed. 1996 Royal Dutch / Shell Group, the world's 500 largest companies ranked No. 6 in the world's top oil company in an article. The group of companies principally engaged in upstream and downstream oil and chemical business in the world in more than 100 countries and regions have more than 2000 in the company currently employs 101,000 people. Separate group of companies headquartered in The Hague, the Netherlands and London, England, the current Chairman of the German-poetry (CAJHerketroter). First, the development of A Brief History of the Royal Dutch / Shell group of companies was founded in 1907, by Royal Dutch Petroleum and Shell Transport and Trading Co., Ltd. jointly formed a multi-national oil companies of the Group.
Shell Transport and Trade Co., Ltd. (Great Britain) was formally established in 1897, after the company's sales in the Far East to build a transportation center, and with the Rothschild Group have signed a long-term contracts to buy oil. Royal Dutch Petroleum (Netherlands), founded in 1890, after a set up in the small Dutch East India Company, to Shell Transport and Trading Company and the competition, the company also established its own distribution network and fleet.
In 1903, after several years of negotiations, the two companies eventually reached an agreement with the Rothschild Group (later quit) together make up the Asia Oil Company, the respective net sales in the Far East together, but the two companies in other ways Their business is still operating.
In 1907, Shell Transport and Trading Company in the business of serious difficulties forced to agree with the merger of Royal Dutch Petroleum Company and its acceptance in the group account for 40% of the shares, the formal establishment of the Royal Dutch / Shell Licensing group.
1910 to 1915, the group of companies have been in British Borneo, Mexico, Venezuela to find oil and put into production, at the same time from Romania, Russia, Egypt and Trinidad has to buy some oil fields and build a sales network in the Middle East Turkey to buy the oil company (that is, later Iraq's oil) 25% of the shares. Group of companies which have been set up in the United States that oil loksa (Roxana Petroleum Co.) California, and Shell. To 1920, the group's oil storage and distribution network extended to many countries and regions.
Shell Group in 1915 in the United States, the first refinery production.
In 1925 Canada set up Shell Canada (SheII Canada).
1929 Iraq oil company set up in the Middle East, Shell Group of companies involved in the 23.75 percent stake. At the same time, the Group's business gradually from the upstream oil business to expand oil refining and chemical industry in many countries around the world to build a refinery and chemical plant. Mekog company in 1928 in the Netherlands built using coke oven gas production of nitrogen fertilizer, which is the first time Shell Group of chemicals cause to invest. 1929 Shell Chemical Company in the United States to set up, use of natural gas for the production of nitrogen fertilizer.
To the 1938 Shell Group's oil production has reached 27,500,000 tons more than in 1920, an increase of 34.8 times, representing the world's crude oil production was 10%. Since the 1940s, Royal Dutch / Shell group of companies in the world's major oil-consuming large-scale construction of the refinery area, and actively expand the sales network, while continuing to search for new oil and gas resources, business development has been unprecedented.
Royal Dutch Petroleum in 1954 in the New York Stock Exchange.
In 1959 the company of the Group of Groningen in the Netherlands found that the world's largest natural gas fields; Oman in 1962 found that the commercial exploitation of the value of the oil; in 1966, Friedman was found in the northern North Sea gas field (Shell share 50%); In 1970 in the North Sea oil field discovered in the north; North West Shelf in Australia found that large-scale offshore gas field.
1969 Shell International Gas Corporation to set up.
In 1974, Shell International Limited to set up coal.
Shell in 1975 to set up an international trading company, with the Shell oil company and third-party trade.
Since 1973, the first time Brunei to Japan's large-scale liquefied natural gas transport, started in 1983 by the Malaysian shipping liquefied natural gas to Japan, Australia to Japan in 1989 of shipping liquefied natural gas operations have begun.
In 1989, the group of companies in the Gulf of Mexico in 1350 feet deep into the 1615 feet high drilling platform; Shell Oil in 1991 to detect the use of satellites in the region, 3100 feet of water depth record, discovered a large reservoir of potential .
At present, Royal Dutch / Shell group of companies has become the world's largest oil company a multi-national. Second, the organization
Shell Group in the form of organizational structure, see Figure 1.
Royal Dutch / Shell Group, the parent company of the two - Royal Dutch Petroleum and Shell Transport and Trading Co., Ltd. were registered in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Although the agreement by the two parent companies merged shares, but have their own decision-making body, to their respective shareholders. The parent is not an integral part of the group, not directly involved in the operation, but the group has the power to appoint the holding company's board of directors and members of the Group's holding company from charging interest. Royal Dutch Petroleum Company has 295,000 shareholders, mainly from the United States (43%), Netherlands (41%) and Switzerland (9%): Shell Transport and Trading Co., Ltd. has 270,000 shareholders, mainly from the United Kingdom (96%) and United States (4%). One or two of stock in 8 countries in Europe and the United States stock market transactions.
Group 3 by the holding company - Dutch Shell Petroleum Company Limited, United Kingdom and the United States, Shell Oil Co. Shell Oil Co., Ltd. - as well as their direct or indirect ownership stake in the business or service companies.
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