托福写作该如何提分？综合写作和独立写作该怎么提高？

如题所述

所谓转述能力，是指需要通过明显地改变原句表达方式或者浓缩、提炼核心意思去改写原文。下面环球教育小编就和大家分享如何训练托福写作的概括能力的内容。
>>> 方法一：同义词转换法
Youngsters who watched educational children’s television for several hours a week had higher scores on academic tests three years later.
寻找youngsters, educational children’s television, several, higher scores等单词或短语的同义词，原句转述为：
Young children who watched a few hours of educational programs a week had better test scores three years later.
>>> 方法二：词性转换法
Telecommuting can bring numerous benefits to both employees and employers.
转化为benefit(动词)：
Both employees and employers can benefit from telecommuting.
转化为beneficial(形容词)：
Telecommuting is beneficial to both employees and employers.
beneficiaries(名词，表示人)：
Both employees and employers can be beneficiaries of telecommuting.
>>> 方法三：主动和被动语态转换法
For the price of one regular paperback novel, several book files could be purchased.
将原句的被动语态(could be purchased)转化为主动语态(people could purchase)：
For the same price as one paperback novel, people could purchase several book files.
>>> 方法四：句子结构转换法
句子结构转换法是最为常用的方法——通过将句子间结构的转换，进而对原有的句子进行转述。句子间结构的转换，即包括简单句、并列句和从句间的转换，也包括不同从句(包括宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句、同位语从句等)之间的相互转换，以及不同句型结构的使用(包括形式主语结构、强调结构、插入语结构、非谓语结构、虚拟语气结构等)。
(1)简单句和从句子间的转换
There has been an upsurge in the prevalence of electronic books due to rapid advancements in technology.(简单句)
Because there have been rapid advancements in technology, the prevalence of electronic books has experienced an upsurge.(原因状语从句)
(2)宾语从句和定语从句间的转换
The study suggests that television may have a positive influence on children’s intellectual development. (宾语从句)
According to the study, television may positively influence the way that children’s intelligence develops. (定语从句)
(3)非谓语结构的使用
If students can receive instructions at home on the television, they can save time, money, and fuel on transportation.(条件状语从句)
Receiving instructions from television at home, students can save time,money, and fuel on transportation. (非谓语结构)
The carbon dioxide leads to the worldwide greenhouse effect, which causes the sea level to rise and produces negative impacts on weather.(定语从句)
The carbon dioxide raises the sea level and negatively influences weather, leadingto the greenhouse effect worldwide.(非谓语结构)
在综合写作写作过程中，句子转述的四种方法很少“单独使用”，而往往“组合使用”。

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