高分悬赏英文翻译！！！（4.2）

The total amount written off against the allowance account during a period will rarely be equal to the amount in the account at the beginning of the period. The allowance account will have a credit balance at the end of the period if the write-offs during the period are less than the beginning balance. It will have a debit balance if the write-offs exceed the beginning balance. However, after the year-end adjusting entry is recorded, the allowance account should have a credit balance. The flow into and out of the allowance account can be shown as in the illustration at the left.
An account receivable that has been written off against the allowance account may later be collected. In such cases, the account should be reinstated by an entry that reverses the write-off entry. The cash received in payment should then be recorded as a receipt on account. For example, assume that the account of $610 written off in the preceding entry is later collected on June 10. The entry to reinstate the account and the entry to record its collection are as follows:
June 10 Account Receivable—John Parker 610
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 610
To reinstate account written off earlier in the year.

10 Cash 610
Accounts Receivable—John Parker 610
To record collection on account.
The preceding entries can be combined. However, recording two separate entries in the customer’s account, with proper notation of the write-off and reinstatement, provides useful credit information.
Estimating Uncollectibles:
How is the amount of uncollectible accounts estimated? The estimate of uncollectibles at the end of a fiscal period is based on past experience and forecasts of the future. When the general economy is doing well, the amount of uncollectible expense is normally less than it would be when the economy is doing poorly. The estimate of uncollectibles is usually based on either (1) the amount of sales, as shown on the income statement for the period, or (2) the amount of the receivable, as shown on the balance sheet at the end of the period, and the age of the receivable accounts.
Estimate Based on Sales:
Accounts receivable are created by credit sales. The amount of credit sales during the period may therefore be used to estimate the amount of uncollectible accounts expense. The amount of this estimate is added to whatever balance exists in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. For example, assume that the allowance account has a credit balance of $700 before adjustment. It is estimated from past experience that 1% of credit sales will be uncollectible. If credit sales for the period are $300,000, the adjusting entry for uncollectible accounts at the end of the period is as follows:
Adjusting Entry
Dce. 31 Uncollectible Accounts Expense 3000
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 3000