求一篇关于模具的外文翻译，塑料的也可以，要新的一点的文章

In order for the molten plastic to flow into the mold cavities, several channels are integrated into the mold design. First, the molten plastic enters the mold through the sprue. Additional channels, called runners, carry the molten plastic from the sprue to all of the cavities that must be filled. At the end of each runner, the molten plastic enters the cavity through a gate which directs the flow. The molten plastic that solidifies inside these runners is attached to the part and must be separated after the part has been ejected from the mold. However, sometimes hot runner systems are used which independently heat the channels, allowing the contained material to be melted and detached from the part. Another type of channel that is built into the mold is cooling channels. These channels allow water to flow through the mold walls, adjacent to the cavity, and cool the molten plastic.
In addition to runners and gates, there are many other design issues that must be considered in the design of the molds. Firstly, the mold must allow the molten plastic to flow easily into all of the cavities. Equally important is the removal of the solidified part from the mold, so a draft angle must be applied to the mold walls. The design of the mold must also accommodate any complex features on the part, such as undercuts or threads, which will require additional mold pieces. Most of these devices slide into the part cavity through the side of the mold, and are therefore known as slides, or side-actions. The most common type of side-action is a side-core which enables an external undercut to be molded. Other devices enter through the end of the mold along the parting direction, such as internal core lifters, which can form an internal undercut. To mold threads into the part, an unscrewing device is needed, which can rotate out of the mold after the threads have been formed.
There are many types of materials that may be used in the injection molding process. Most polymers may be used, including all thermoplastics, some thermosets, and some elastomers. When these materials are used in the injection molding process, their raw form is usually small pellets or a fine powder. Also, colorants may be added in the process to control the color of the final part. The selection of a material for creating injection molded parts is not solely based upon the desired characteristics of the final part. While each material has different properties that will affect the strength and function of the final part, these properties also dictate the parameters used in processing these materials. Each material requires a different set of processing parameters in the injection molding process, including the injection temperature, injection pressure, mold temperature, ejection temperature, and cycle time. A comparison of some commonly used materials is shown below (Follow the links to search the material library).

为了能流入类型洞,熔化了塑料几条渠道是集成到类型设计中.首先,熔化了塑料通过口炎性腹泻输入类型.被称作赛跑者的附加渠道带着从到全部的洞一定是填补的口炎性腹泻熔化了塑料.在结束的时候每一赛跑者,熔化了塑料进入导演流动的洞通过一大门.在部分已经从类型射出的之后,在这些赛跑者里面凝固的熔化了塑料是附属于部分和一定是分居的.但是,有时激烈赛跑者系统被使用哪一个独立加热渠道允许被使含有材料融化和从部分上取下.另一类型的渠道那存在使冷却的渠道发展成为类型存在.这些渠道允许水通过去洞邻近的类型墙流,和使熔化了塑料冷下来. 除了赛跑者和大门,有一定是在类型的设计中考虑的其他许多的设计问题.首先,类型必须允许熔化了塑料容易流入全部的洞.同样重要使部分凝固的解除类型是所以一草稿角一定是施加于类型墙.类型的设计必须也接纳任何在例如底切将要求附加类型片的或者线部分上复杂特征.这些装置大部分的把类型的方面迅速放入部分洞通过和是因此闻名阿斯滑动或者方面-行动.最普通的类型的有助于一外部底切向是的方面-行动存在一方面-核心塑造.其它装置通过沿着例如内部能形成一内部底切的核心提的人离别方向类型的结束进入.从出来线已经是的类型下午哪一个旋转能把线做成部分,一可旋出装置存在需要,形成. 有很多的类型的可以被在注射模塑过程使用的材料.绝大部分聚合物可以被使用包含所有的热塑性塑料,一些热固树脂和一些弹性体.当这些材料被在注射模塑过程使用的的时候,他们的未加工形式是通常小颗粒状物或者一好粉末.也,着色剂可以被在控制最后部分的颜色的过程中添加.选择一建立注射的资料塑造,不仅有在最后部分的渴望特征上把parts存在放置在基座上.在每一材料有不同将影响力量的小道具和最后部分的功能的同时,这些小道具也口授在加工这些材料使用的参数.每一材料要求a不同的套加工在注射模塑过程中参数包含注射温度,注射压力,类型温度,驱逐温度和循环时间.下面显示一一些通常使用材料被的比较的是((随着搜查物质图书馆)联系到来.