举出5个翻译的例子来说明中英文的不同。

顶一下 一楼的，好棒！

英汉句子的对比
一,重形合与重意合
1 形合(hypotaxis)与意合(parataxis)反映了两种不同的语法现象.形合指的是:在复合句中分句或主从句之间需要用连词或关联词这种方式来明示它们之间的句法关系.意合则不同,分句之间不用连词,而是通过分句的顺序来隐含它们之间的语义关联.句与句(含联合关系或偏正关系)之间有没有连词或关联词则是形合或意合的重要标志.
英汉句子的对比
1.As the weather was fine,We decided to the mountain .
2.屡战屡败"& "屡败屡战"
( We fought over and over again though we were repeatedly defeated & We were repeatedly defeated though we fought over and over again)
英汉句子的对比
2,在形合与意合的表现形式中,英语与汉语的意义重心是不同的,英语一般是前重心,把主要信息放在主句中,放在句子的开头,英语主从复合句的常规是主句在前,从句在后;而汉语则与之相反,一般是后重心,把次要的部分放在句首,从句在前,主句在后.翻译时准确地把握这一特点,而不必拘泥于原文的语序.
小国人民敢于起来斗争,敢于拿起武器,掌握自己国家的命运,就一定能够战胜大国的侵略.
译文:The people of a small country can certain1y defeat aggression from a big country, if only they dare to rise in struggle, dare to take up arms and grasp in their own hands the destiny of their own country.
英汉句子的对比
3,英语虽重"形合",是一种形式的语言,但是也不乏
"意合"手段,例如用介词或分词短语取代从句等.
同样,汉语在必要时,也使用形合句,"连词的用不用,
修辞上是有体裁色彩的……细致地来探讨这些关系,
是修辞上要注意的.语法上只须点明,不生岐义的,可
用意合法;否则宁多'钉些钉子'也不要追求词句的简练,
而招致语意的不明"
她坐在那儿,双手交叉抱在胸前,面带微笑,凝视着年迈的丈夫,丈夫也以微笑回报.
上帝:我要的100比索(pesos),只收到70.请把剩下的给我,我非常需要这些钱.不过别再邮寄了,邮局的人是一帮贼(a bunch of crooks).
God: of the money that I asked for, only seventy pesos reached me. Send me the rest, since I need it very much. But don't send it to me through the mail, because the post-office employees are a bunch of crooks.
There she sat—her hands folded in front of her, and a smile upon her face, as she gazed at her old husband and he smiled back at her in return.
英汉句子的对比
二,重前饰与重后饰
英语与汉语的基本语序是比较固定的,而且通常都采用"主语+
谓语+宾语"(SVO)的线性排列顺序.但是修饰语(定语或状语)
的位置就大不相同了.汉语的修饰语总是在被修饰的成分之
前,而英语的修饰语可以出现在被修饰语的前面或后面,具体
地说单个形容词作修饰语通常是前置的,如果是短语或分句,
则需位于被修饰语的成分之后.因此,可以说,就修饰语的语
序而言,英语和汉语的区别在于前者重后饰,后者重前饰.
译文①:现在是只争朝夕的时候了,是我们两国人民攀登那
种可以缔造一个新的,更美好的世界的伟大精神境界的高
峰的时候了.
译文②:现在是只争朝夕的时候了,是我们两国人民攀登崇
高精神的高峰的时候了.本着这种精神,我们可以缔造一
个更新更美好的世界.
This is the hour, this is the day for our two people to
rise to the heights of greatness which can build a new
and a better world.
英汉句子的对比
三,重意念形态与重屈折形态
汉语不具备繁复和屈折形态变化体系,其语义结构呈图象化,
造型化,简约化.汉字作为语言符号系统直接承载语义信息和
参与表意功能,汉语主语与谓语之间不存在人称与数的变化手
段的意念流,可以隐去一切可以隐去的替代,领属,转折,时
体与数的标志.
译文:半个天空,洁净无瑕; 风已转从西面吹来,一朵朵云彩
成群地让风吹着,变成一条条银色的长柱,排着纵队向东
方飘去.
.Half heaven was pure and stainless : the clouds, now
trooping before the wind, which had shifted to the
west,were filing off eastward in long, silvered
culms .(《简·爱》Jane Eyre 1'288 )
How long have you been here
我和丈夫共同生活了50年,一直寻求着幸福却未能找到;… …
I have lived with my husband for fifty years--seeking happiness, and never finding it; ……
你来这里多久了
名词从句的翻译方法
英语名词从句包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句.翻译这类从句时,大多数可按原文的语序翻译,也可以按其他方法处理.此处先介绍前两种从句的处理方法.
主语从句
翻译以what, whatever, whoever 等代词引导的主语从句时, 一般可按原文顺序翻译.如果用形式主语it 引出真正的主语从句,翻译时视情况而定,可以提前,也可以保持原来的语序.
他告诉我的只是些亦真亦假的东西而已.
Whatever he saw and heard on his trip gave him a very deep impression.
此行所见所闻给他留下了深刻印象.
What he told me was only half-truth.
It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.
飞机坠毁后,飞行员居然还活着,这看来真是不可思议.(提前)
It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.
真奇怪,她竟然没有看出自己的缺点.(不提前)
宾语从句
将that,what,how等引导的宾语从句译成汉语时,一般不需要改变它在原句中的顺序.如果用形式宾语it引出真正的宾语从句,翻译时视情况而定,可以提前,也可以保持原来的语序.
我告诉他,由于最后那个条件,我不得已只能谢绝.
He would remind people again that it was decided not only by himself but by lots of others.
他再三提醒大家,决定此事的不只他一人,还有其他许多人.
I told him that because of the last condition, I'd have to turn it down.
I take it for granted that you will come and talk the matter over with him.
我想你会来跟他谈此事.(不提前)
Anyhow, old friend, I owe it to you that I'm here.
不管怎么说,老朋友,我现在还能在这儿,全靠你.(提前)
表语从句
表语从句跟宾语从句一样,一般可按原文顺序翻译,这个技巧比较好掌握.
他对新闻界的看法是,记者们不是支持他,就是反对他.
The fact is that the old lady believed Rebecca to be the most lovely creature in the world.
事实是,老太太认为丽贝卡是天下最可爱的小家伙.
This is what he is eager to do.
这就是他所渴望做的.
His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him.
同位语从句
一般用同位语来对名词(或代词)作进一步解释.同位语可以是单词,短语或从句,这里只介绍英语同位语从句的译法.翻译同位语从句有三种方法,即提前,保持不变和增加 "即"(或"以为"),或用冒号,破折号分开.
As an obedient son, I had accepted my father's decision that I was to be a doctor, though the prospect interested me not at all.
作为一个孝顺的儿子,我接受了父亲的决定,当一名医生,虽然我对这样的前途毫无兴趣.(不提前)
Yet, from the beginning, the fact that I was alive was ignored.
然而,从一开始,我仍然活着这个事实却偏偏被忽视了.(提前)
But considered realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good.
但是现实地考虑一下,我们不得不正视这样的事实:我们的前景并不妙.(冒号)
And there was the possibility that a small electrical spark might accidentally bypass the most carefully planned circuit.
而且有这种可能性——一个小小的电火花,可能会意外地绕过了最为精心设计的线路.(破折号)本回答被提问者采纳