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二、建筑装饰的形成
1、在生产实践中形成的装饰
大约公元前7世纪,希腊建筑正处于由木构建筑向石砌建筑过渡时期,当时希腊的制陶业已有了相当高的技术水平,在柱廊的额枋以上部分——檐部,采用陶片贴面。陶片在成坯过程中便于制作装饰线脚,因此,线脚便被引进到建筑中,同时也把陶器中的彩绘引入了建筑,使檐部覆满了色彩鲜艳的装饰。陶片用模具成批预制,为了适应这种生产艺术,就必须有统一的规格尺寸和样式。这样就在客观上促进了建筑构件的定型化和规范化,对希腊建筑艺术中柱式的形成和传播起到了至关重要的作用。在埃及的陵墓建筑中,柱子上也有凹圆线脚,与希腊柱式上的几乎相同,米勒解释说:“这种柱子是从原来的木桩演变而来的,刻有凹槽的柱子可能是吸取了一种弯刃斧加工松柏木桩的经验。”
由功能构件演化而形成的装饰
建筑中的某些形式或装饰在它产生时往往具有实际的功能,并与它的建造手段和结构逻辑紧密相关,但这些功能并不构成对形式的制约,换句话说,功能的改变或消褪,并不影响原有形式作为一种纯粹的装饰语言而在其他的建筑结构中得到保存。例如:阿尔贝蒂设计的马拉泰斯塔教堂,就套用了君士坦丁凯旋门的形式和装饰,原来在凯旋门中起承重作用的四个分立柱,在教堂的立面上成了退到墙体中的扶壁柱,柱子原有的物理功能消失了。布拉曼特于1500-1504年设计的罗马和平圣马利亚教堂的回廊,对罗马大斗兽场建筑主题的“套装”就更加明显;爱奥尼亚柱式的形式和功能都被减化成一种纯粹的形式符号,使这种经典的建筑形式成为真正的装饰。同样的情形也反映在米开朗基罗设计的佛罗伦萨——劳伦齐阿纳图书馆的立面中,柱子和窗都成了非功能性的装饰语言。
由宗教文化衍生的装饰
由图腾崇拜和宗教信仰而产生的装饰,是这种行为最古老最深远的原因之一,几乎所有史前的装饰艺术都可以追溯到这个源头。我们从美索不达米亚的考古发现中可以确知建筑装饰的产生从一开始就渗入了宗教的因素。从古亚述人、乌尔图人的建筑到阿契美尼德王朝时期的建筑历史来看,宗教建筑的发展无论在形式还是规模上都远远超越了其他类型建筑的发展,这可以说明宗教文化在当时的社会生活中占据了相当重要的地位。一个民族被另一个民族所征服,一种文明被中一种文明所取代,这的确需要群体的意志和力量,而能将此凝聚起来的事物,除了在那个时代聚集起来的宗教信仰之外还能有别的东西吗?因此,建筑以恰当的形式为体现这种信仰和信仰的传播提供了必要的物质条件,建筑中的装饰则成了表达这种信仰、标秉君王业绩的有力工具。对宗教和神灵的崇拜始终对古埃及的建筑形式产生着深刻的影响,并且在上、下埃及的传统之间徘徊。我们熟悉的金字塔,方尖碑和卡纳克阿蒙神庙的柱式都有着确定的宗教含义。

第1个回答  2010-06-15
Second, the building decoration
1 and in the production practice
About 7 century BC, the Greek architecture by wooden buildings in transition period, to stone architecture of the Greek pottery has a fairly high level of technology, in the frontal fang above arcades, pottery, eaves of face. In the process of billet clay into an adornment architrave, therefore, he was introduced to building architrave, also the pottery of coloured drawing or pattern introduces architecture, eaves of covering the colourful decorations. Brennan mould-tooling prefabricated, in order to adapt to this batch production of art, they must have a uniform size and style. It is objectively promoted the construction standard and standardization of components of Greek architecture art, the formation and communication plays a vital role. In Egypt, the pillars in the tomb architecture has concave round architrave, and Greek column of almost the same, miller, said: "the pillars of wood from the original evolved, engraved posts from the groove is probably a curved blade pine wood processing the axe experience."
The functional components and formation of evolution
The architecture of a certain form or decoration in it occurs often have practical function, and its construction means and structure is closely related to the logic, but these functions to form shall not constitute the restriction, in other words, the function of change or faded, does not affect the original form as a kind of dinkum adornment language and other buildings in the structure of preserved. Example: the horse-drawn testa geoff alberti design, applying the church's arc DE triomphe Constantine, the original form and decoration in the triumphal arch of the four points column bearing role in the facades of the church, and to become the BiZhu helps wall, the original physical function disappear. Nebraska ord in 1500 - in 1504 design of the Roman church of st Mary peace of Roman coliseum, architectural theme of "suit" is more apparent, Love the Virginia's function and form are reduced to turn into a kind of pure form, make this classic symbol of architectural form to become true. The same situation is reflected in the design of fiorentina, Michelangelo, the library's lauren facade, pillar and window has become a non-functional adornment language.
The adornment of religious culture
By totem worship and religious beliefs and adornment, is the oldest such behavior is one of the reasons for the most profound, almost all the prehistoric adornment art can be traced to the source. We from Mesopotamia archaeological discovery can know of architectural decoration from the beginning of the religion infiltration. From ancient Assyrian, the figure of the building MeiNi DE qi dynasty architecture history, religious architecture development both in form or on a scale far beyond the development of other types of construction, which can explain religious culture in the contemporary social life occupy a very important position. A nation is another nation to conquer, a civilization was replaced by a kind of civilization, this really need group will and strength, and will get together here, but in that era gathered outside the religious beliefs can also have something else? Therefore, in the form of a proper architecture reflects the faith and belief propagation provides the necessary conditions of material, the building decoration, the belief, became a powerful tool for performance s.a. Kings. The spirit of religion and worship of ancient Egypt has produced profound architectural form, and in the upper and lower Egypt tradition. We are familiar with the pyramids, the temple of amon karnak and column has determined the Pope本回答被提问者采纳
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