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萨洛蒙是一个多年从事皮靴业务的商人,开了一家鞋店。1892年,他根据英国的公司法,成立了萨洛蒙有限责任公司,当时萨洛蒙公司仅有7位股东, 为萨洛蒙及其妻子、女儿和4个儿子,公司董事由萨洛蒙及其两个儿子担任。公司成立后,萨洛蒙便将他的鞋店作价38782英镑移转于该公司,公司付给萨洛蒙现金8782英镑,另10000英镑为公司欠萨洛蒙的债款,由公司发行给萨洛蒙l0000英镑有担保的公司债,其余则作为萨洛蒙认购公司股份的价款,此后,公司发行了每股1英镑的股份20007股,他的妻子和五个子女各拥有1股,萨洛蒙本人拥有20001股,这主要是为了达到当时法律规定的最低股东人数7人。

  公司不久陷入困境,一年后公司进行清算。经清算,公司债务为17773英镑,公司资产为10000英镑,若公司清偿了萨洛蒙的有担保的债权,其他的无担保的债权人就将一无所获。公司清算人主张公司的鞋店实际上是萨洛蒙自己的事业,公司组织不过是萨洛蒙预计事业不顺利,为逃避债务而设,因此请求萨洛蒙清偿公司债务,否认萨洛蒙对公司之担保债的求偿。初审法院和上诉法院都认为,萨洛蒙公司只不过是萨洛蒙的化身、代理人,公司的钱就是萨洛蒙的钱,萨洛蒙没有理由还钱给自己,从而判决萨洛蒙应清偿无担保债权人的债务。但是,上议院推翻了初审法院和上诉法院的判决,英国上议院一致认为,萨洛蒙公司是合法有效成立的,因为法律仅要求有七个成员并且每人至少持有一股作为公司成立的条件,而对于这些股东是否独立、是否参与管理则没有做出明文规定。
从法律角度讲,该公司一经正式注册,就成为一个区别于萨洛蒙的法律上的法人,拥有自己独立的权利和义务,以其独立的财产承担全部责任,股东不对债权人承担无限责任,而仅以其出资额为限承担有限责任,故萨洛蒙对于公司及公司债权人并不负任何责任,本案中,萨洛蒙既是公司的唯一股东,也是公司的享有担保债权的债权人,具有双重身份,其所持有的有担保的公司债应优先于公司的无担保债权受清偿,虽然毫无疑问萨洛蒙是为了享受有限责任的优惠而设立公司,公司股东中除萨洛蒙外,均名不副实,但是股东负有限责任,这是法律赋予股东的合法权益,只要符合公司设立条件,则公司便与它的股东相分离而成为独立的法律主体,股东与公司间的权利、义务关系,由公司章程加以确定因此。-最后,法院判决萨洛蒙获得公司清算后的全部财产。

第1个回答  2012-02-09
In 1892, according to the British company he founded, the salomon Co., LTD, was only seven shareholders salomon company, and his wife, daughter for salomon and four sons, the company directors and by salomon two sons as. After the establishment of the company, and his shoe store salomon £ 38782 transfer pricing in the company, the company to pay 8782 pounds salomon cash, another 10000 pounds for the company owes to salomon's debts, issued by the company to salomon l0000 pound guarantee company debts, as the rest of the price of the shares subscribed for salomon, since then, the company has issued one pound per share shares 20007 shares, his wife and five children each have 1 shares, I have 20001 shares salomon, this basically is to achieve a law at the time of the prescribed minimum shareholders seven.

The company soon get into trouble, a year after the company to conduct liquidation. The liquidation, the company debt for 17773 pounds, the company assets for 10000 pounds, if the company pay off a salomon's have the creditor's rights, the other unsecured creditors will be nothing. The liquidation of the company people who favor the company is actually the shoe store of his career salomon, company organization but is expected to cause not smooth salomon to evade debts and set, so request the debts salomon, denied to the company the collateral debt salomon the misdeed. First trial court and the court of appeal all think, salomon company is just the embodiment of salomon, agent, the company's money is salomon money, no reason to return money to salomon, thus ruling should pay off unsecured creditors salomon's debt. But, the upper house overthrew the trial courts and appeal the decision of the court, the British upper house agreed that the company is legal and effective salomon set up, because the laws require only seven members and holding at least a share each as a company set up conditions, and for these shareholders are independent, participation in management, it is not to make well documented.
From a legal point of view the company once registered, become a different from salomon legal legal person, have their own independent right and obligation, with its independent property shall undertake all responsibility, shareholders are not the obligee for unlimited liability, but only is limited to its investors enjoy limited liability, so the company and salomon creditors does not bear any responsibility, in this case, is the only shareholders salomon company, is also the company's creditors enjoy the obligee's rights, has the dual identity, its holdings of guarantee company debt should priority be in the unsecured creditor's rights be repaid, although there is no doubt that salomon to enjoy the preferential and establishment of a limited liability company, the shareholders of a company in addition to the salomon, are falling, but shareholders negative limited liability, it is the law gives shareholders' legal rights and interests, want to accord with the establishment of the company conditions, the company and its shareholders and separation and become an independent legal subject, shareholders and the company of between rights and obligations by the articles be confirmed so. -finally, court decisions for the liquidation of the company after salomon all property.
第2个回答  2012-02-09
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