英语高手来帮忙翻译一下，谢谢。不要机翻的。
艾勃拉姆斯认为文艺活动涉及作者、文本、世界和读者四因素。从本质上来看，文本和世界其实是联系作者和读者的桥梁；“读者”也包括作家们本人，因为通常他们是自己作品的第一个读者。所以，文学最终的消费者和决定性力量是读者。作为文学的一个组成部分，戏剧也不例外。有别于其它文学体裁的是，戏剧是一种视觉艺术，必须把它搬上舞台。盲人和聋子看戏当然有困难，但是也没有一部戏剧可以被所有的老人小孩、男男女女、目不识丁的人所欣赏接受。读者是纷乱不定却又是层次鲜明的，几乎没有一出戏可以满足所有类型的观众。文艺复兴时代，剧中人物几乎都是报效君主和国家的英雄。可是到了17- 18世纪，人们希望得到娱乐，因此戏剧必须调笑好玩；如果不是这样的，就必须改造（像多数莎士比亚的戏剧所面临的情况那样）。到了19 世纪，穷苦的人们也想娱乐放松，结果他们发现供他们观看的戏剧很少。
Abrams believes literature interferes with the elements of the writer, the written work, the world and the readers.The written works are what connect the readers themselves and the writers since they are often the first reader of their own work, hence, the consumer group will be most likely base on the readers. As part of the literature, same goes to movies and dramas. The difference between movies and dramas and other types of literature is that movies and dramas requires more visual effect that must be presents on stage, therefore not every genders and ages group would appreciate it the same way. There isn't a specific movie that could satisfy every viewers because everybody have their own preferences. During the Rinascimento era, all characters in the play are portrayed as hero figures that remain loyal and sacrifice for their kingdom, whereas around the 17-18 centuries, people want entertainments, therefore the plays must be entertaining or else they must be rewrite ( like what most of the Shakespeare's plays faces). Around the 19 century, the lower class are also introduced to plays and dramas, but there's not much available for them to watch.
唔..这是暂时能够想到比较好的了，水平有限并没有太过注意语法和用词..如果需要可以让我再次检查修改一下。
唔..这是暂时能够想到比较好的了，水平有限并没有太过注意语法和用词..如果需要可以让我再次检查修改一下。
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第1个回答 2013-07-02
Mr. Brahms think cultural activities related to the author, text, and readers world four factors. Essentially, text, and the world in fact is a bridge to contact the author and the reader; "The reader" also includes the writers himself, because they are usually the first readers of his work. So, literature, the ultimate consumer and decisive force is the reader. As a part of literature, drama, is no exception. Different from other literary forms, drama is a kind of visual art, have to put it onto the stage. The blind and the deaf to see play, of course, there are difficulties, but also not a play can be all of the children, older people, men and women, illiterate people admire to accept it. Readers are chaos is distinct, almost no one play can satisfy all types of audiences. The Renaissance, the characters are almost all serve monarchs and hero of the country. But by 17 to 18 century, people hope to get entertainment, therefore drama must be teasing fun; If this is not the case, we must reform (like most of Shakespeare's plays case are). In the 19th century, the poor people also want to entertainment to relax, they found little for them to watch the drama.
呼呼～累死了，望采纳哈
呼呼～累死了，望采纳哈
第2个回答 2013-07-02
Ai Brahms thought that literary
activity relates to the author, the text, readers and the world four factors. In
essence, the text and the world is a bridge between the author and the reader;
"the reader" also includes the writers themselves, because they are usually the
first readers of his works. Therefore, the literature the final consumer and
decisive strength of readers. As a part of literature, drama is no exception.
Different from other literary genre, drama is a visual art, it must be performed
on the stage. Blind and deaf theatre of course there are difficulties, but it is
not a drama can be appreciate all old people and children, men and women, not
know a single word. The reader is not fixed but is confused with distinct
levels, almost no one can meet all kinds of people. The Renaissance, the
characters are almost always serve the monarchy and national hero. But to the
17- in eighteenth Century, people want to be entertained, so the drama must make
fun of the fun; if not, must transform (like most of Shakespeare's dramatic
situation.). By nineteenth Century, poor people want to relax, they found that
for them to watch dramas rarely.
activity relates to the author, the text, readers and the world four factors. In
essence, the text and the world is a bridge between the author and the reader;
"the reader" also includes the writers themselves, because they are usually the
first readers of his works. Therefore, the literature the final consumer and
decisive strength of readers. As a part of literature, drama is no exception.
Different from other literary genre, drama is a visual art, it must be performed
on the stage. Blind and deaf theatre of course there are difficulties, but it is
not a drama can be appreciate all old people and children, men and women, not
know a single word. The reader is not fixed but is confused with distinct
levels, almost no one can meet all kinds of people. The Renaissance, the
characters are almost always serve the monarchy and national hero. But to the
17- in eighteenth Century, people want to be entertained, so the drama must make
fun of the fun; if not, must transform (like most of Shakespeare's dramatic
situation.). By nineteenth Century, poor people want to relax, they found that
for them to watch dramas rarely.
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