帮忙翻译一篇文章，汉译英，不要机器翻译过来的2
2、认知策略
中国的学生也经常使用认知策略。认知策略是学习策略系统中的基本策略，作用是对教学信息进行有效的识别、理解、保持、提取和利用等。例如：利用汉语作为基础来理解英语（翻译）；有意识的应用语法规则来理解英语（演绎）；通过熟悉的形象、短语或方位将新信息与记忆中的形象概念相联系（意象）；将单词或短语放在有意义的语言单位去理解（语境化）；利用先前获得的语言知识或概念来促进新的语言知识的学习（转换）；利用现有的信息去猜测词义、预测结果或填补信息（推理）等。这些认知策略的使用对促进英语水平的提高，无疑是非常重要的。那认知策略又有那些呢？“关于我国基础教育阶段英语课程标准设想”中把认知策略主要归纳为以下几种：
（1）在课堂上集中注意力，上课是学生学习的主要渠道，而学好外语的关键是尽一切努力将所学的东西记住，需要时应用自如。所以上课要高度集中注意力。
（2）善于做课堂笔记，“好记性不如烂笔头”课内扼要记笔记可以帮助集中注意力、理顺思路、增进记忆、锻炼分析归纳、综合概括以及快速反应能力。
（3）把新旧知识联系起来。在学习中善于借助视觉提示等非语言信息。
（4）借助联想把相关知识联系起来。对所获得的信息进行有效的分类和存储。
（5）利用推理、归纳等逻辑手段。注意发现语言的规律。
（9）使用简单工具书查找信息。通过图书馆、网络等资源获得信息。
2, cognitive strategies
Chinese students often use cognitive strategies. Cognitive strategy is to learn the basic strategy of system strategy, the role of information for effective teaching identify, understand, maintain, extraction and utilization. For example: the use of Chinese as the basis to understand English (translation), a conscious application of rules to understand English grammar (interpretation); through the familiar image, phrase or position of the new information and memory linked to the concept of the image (Image); will be the word Or phrase on meaningful to understand the language units (Context of) the use of their previous knowledge of the language and concepts to promote new knowledge of the language of learning (conversion); use of existing information to guess Meaning, predicted or fill Information (reasoning). These cognitive strategies to promote the use of raising the level of English, it is undoubtedly very important. That those who do have cognitive strategies » "On the stage of basic education curriculum standards in English ideas" in the cognitive strategies are summarized as follows:
(1) in the classroom focus on student learning classes is the main channel, and learn foreign languages, the key is to make every effort to learn the things to remember, when necessary applications easily. So high school to focus on.
(2) good at doing classroom notes, "a good memory as rotten written" Kenei brief notes can help focus attention, and straighten out the ideas, enhance memory, the exercise of categorization, general and comprehensive rapid response capability.
(3) to link the old and new knowledge. In the course of study at the help of visual cues, and other non-language information.
(4) with Lenovo linked to the relevant knowledge. On the information obtained by the effective separation and storage.
(5) the use of reasoning, logic and other means to summarize. Note that the language law.
(9) using a simple tool for finding information. Through libraries, access to information networks, and other resources.
Chinese students often use cognitive strategies. Cognitive strategy is to learn the basic strategy of system strategy, the role of information for effective teaching identify, understand, maintain, extraction and utilization. For example: the use of Chinese as the basis to understand English (translation), a conscious application of rules to understand English grammar (interpretation); through the familiar image, phrase or position of the new information and memory linked to the concept of the image (Image); will be the word Or phrase on meaningful to understand the language units (Context of) the use of their previous knowledge of the language and concepts to promote new knowledge of the language of learning (conversion); use of existing information to guess Meaning, predicted or fill Information (reasoning). These cognitive strategies to promote the use of raising the level of English, it is undoubtedly very important. That those who do have cognitive strategies » "On the stage of basic education curriculum standards in English ideas" in the cognitive strategies are summarized as follows:
(1) in the classroom focus on student learning classes is the main channel, and learn foreign languages, the key is to make every effort to learn the things to remember, when necessary applications easily. So high school to focus on.
(2) good at doing classroom notes, "a good memory as rotten written" Kenei brief notes can help focus attention, and straighten out the ideas, enhance memory, the exercise of categorization, general and comprehensive rapid response capability.
(3) to link the old and new knowledge. In the course of study at the help of visual cues, and other non-language information.
(4) with Lenovo linked to the relevant knowledge. On the information obtained by the effective separation and storage.
(5) the use of reasoning, logic and other means to summarize. Note that the language law.
(9) using a simple tool for finding information. Through libraries, access to information networks, and other resources.
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